Purpose: Posterior Sub-Tenon injection (PSTI) is a common route of drug delivery for triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for intraocular inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate indications, complications and safety of PSTI of TA for intraocular inflammation. Method: This is a retrospective study. The duration of study was from October 2007 to December 2016. The patients with minimum 1 year after PSTI of TA follow-up were included in the study. All complications of injection procedure and drug itself were included. Patients with pre-existing lenticular opacity, glaucoma, blepharoptosis, traumatic macular edema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic uveitis, postoperative uveitis, and retinal vascular occlusive disorder were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 112 eyes of 110 patients who were treated with PSTI of TA were included in the study group. The mean age was 50±8.4 years. Out of 110 patients, 80 (72.72%) were females and 30 (27.27%) males. The recurrent anterior uveitis was the most common indication (44.64%). Out of 112 eyes, 100 eyes (89.28%) were injected once, 10 eyes (8.92%) twice, and 2 eyes (1.78%) thrice. Following PSTI of TA, 14 eyes (12.5%) developed ocular hypertension 6 eyes (5.35%) ptosis, and 3 eyes (2.67%) cataract. Conclusion: PSTI of TA has higher risk of steroid-induced glaucoma; hence these patients should be monitored for intraocular pressure.

Oral anticoagulant therapy is used in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), prevention of stroke and other systemic emboli in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and artificial heart valves. Vitamin K antagonists, particularly warfarin has been main stay for this therapy. However, it has several drawbacks, including a narrow therapeutic window, delayed onset of action, need for regular laboratory monitoring, considerable inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and numerous interactions with drugs, food and acute illnesses.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. According to global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease, COPD is defined as FEV1/ FVC<70% by spirometry. COPD affects pulmonary blood vessels, right ventricle as well as left ventricle, leading to development of pulmonary hypertension, cor-pulmonale, right ventricular dysfunction as well as left ventricular dysfunction. The significance of the right ventricular performance is recognized as one of the factors determining the clinical course and prognosis in COPD, but a potential role of the left ventricle is, however, less studied. The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate left ventricular function in COPD patients by echocardiography and to study the correlation between echocardiography findings and the severity of COPD based on GOLD1 criteria. A total of 100 patients were selected for this study, including 72 male patients and 28 female patients, aged 50–70 years, from outpatient department of medicine department, medical wards, TB and chest ward of Dr Baba Sahib Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi, considering the exclusion and inclusion criteria. In mild COPD group, only one patient was found to have systolic dysfunction out of 52 patients (1.92%), in moderate COPD group, 2 patients had systolic dysfunction out of 32 patients (6.25%), whereas in severe COPD, six patients had systolic dysfunction out of 16 patients (37.5%). So, in total, 9% patients had systolic dysfunction. 28% of patients were found to have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in our study. COPD patients have a high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, which is associated with disease severity. A clear correlation was found between value of fractional shortening (FS) of left ventricle (a measure of contractility), and severity of COPD and FS value significantly decreased as the severity of COPD increased. In this study, ejection fraction (EF) was found to be preserved in mild and moderate COPD, albeit mean EF was found to be reduced in moderate COPD. In severe COPD group, EF was significantly lowered.

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infections represent global health problems of significant magnitude. There are studies and hypothesis which suggest that genetic predispositions like ABO and Rh blood group may affect occurrence of these diseases. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of ABO blood groups, seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and malaria infections in healthy blood donors in our center, and to determine any association between different blood groups and seroreactivity. Blood donors are ideal for this purpose, as all donors are routinely subjected to ABO blood group phenotyping and screening for all these infective markers. This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at Regional Blood Transfusion Center at Dr. BSA Hospital for the years 2016 and 2017. All the donor samples were mandatorily tested for HBsAg, HIV 1&2 Ag-Ab and 2 Ag-A band HCV Ag-Ab using fourth-generation kits. TPHA method was used to test for syphilis. Malaria was tested using rapid-pan malaria card. Blood group was determined by forward and reverse grouping of donor sample using gel card method. Results of total 21,876 donors registered in the year 2016 and 2017 were analyzed. Total 320 (1.462%) samples were found to be reactive for HBsAg, 62 (0.283%) samples were found reactive for HCV and 47 (0.215%) samples were found reactive for HIV. 0.027% samples tested reactive for syphilis. Group-wise seroreactivity was also analyzed and it was found that the highest percentage of HBsAg and HCV reactivity was found in O positive donors and highest percentage of HIV reactivity was found in A-positive donors. Lowest seroreactivity amongst Rh-positive donors was found in AB-positive donors. Amongst Rh-negative donors, highest seroreactivity for HBsAg and HCV was found in B-negative donors. O-negative, AB-negative and A-negative showed no seroreactivity for either HCV, HIV or syphilis infection. All donors tested negative for malaria.

Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a rare, potentially aggressive tumor and the third most common malignancy of the eyelid. We present a case of SGC (confirmed by histopathology) of right upper eyelid in a 48-year-old female, which was managed by excision of mass with 5 mm clear margin with lid reconstruction using Cutler Beard technique and three cycles of cryotherapy. A positive uptake on PET scan of left cervical lymph node followed by FNAC of the same showed tubercular lymphadenitis rather than metastasis. Coming across this case raises a possibility of association of SGC with TB but having said that further research is needed for the same